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Aircraft engines, typically turbofans, use acoustic liners to damp engine noise. Liners are applied on the internal walls of the engine nacelle, both in the intake and by-pass ducts, and use Helmholtz resonance principle for the dissipation of incident acoustic energy. ==Configurations== An acoustic liner is a sandwich panel made by: *a porous top layer, called face-sheet; *a honeycomb structure providing internal partitions; *an impervious layer, called back-sheet or back-skin; The lower half of a liner features dedicated internal slots to allow liquid drainage in order to prevent ice formation or fire hazards. From an acoustic perspective, this implies that the upper acoustic panel is a ''locally reacting liner'', whereas the lower one is a ''non-locally reacting liner''.〔Murray, P., Ferrante, P., & Scofano, A., The Influence of Aircraft Nacelle Acoustic Panel Drainage Slots on Duct Attenuation. In 13th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (28th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 2007.〕 Acoustic liners can be distinguished by their internal configuration on the base of the number of honeycomb cell layers: *Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) liners are sandwich panels with a basic configuration, face-sheet bonded to a honeycomb layer and closed by a back-skin. *Double Degree of Freedom (DDOF) liners are made by two layers of honeycomb cells divided by a porous septum. In particular, a DDOF liner is constituted by a top facing-sheet, a first honeycomb layer, a porous septum, a second honeycomb layer, and finally an impervious back-skin. Therefore, a DDOF liner couples two Helmholtz resonator in series. Porous layers (e.g. the septum and the face-sheet) can be for example a perforate plate, a wire mesh or a felt-metal. The honeycomb can be of aluminum or glass fiber and the cells' size is selected small enough to ensure an acoustic plane wave in the cell for the whole frequency of interest. The face-sheet and back-skin can be either metallic or in carbon fiber. In order to have a cylindrical barrel, panel parts are structurally joined together leading to a partial loss of the acoustic area known as splice. Current state-of-the-art of acoustic are made without splices and are known as zero-splice liners. For example, the evolution of the splices width on the Airbus family ranges from three splices of about 15 cm for the Airbus A320 to a zero-splice liner for the Airbus A380.〔(Kempton, A, "Acoustic liners for modern aero-engines", 15th CEAS-ASC Workshop and 1st Scientific Workshop of X-Noise EV, 2011. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acoustic liner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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